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							<h2>3-软件需求与分析</h2>
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							<h2 id="软件需求">软件需求<a href="#软件需求" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><i class="iconfont icon-link"></i></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>软件需求：用户解决问题或达到目标所需的条件或权能，或系统或系统部件要满足合同、标准、规范或其它正式规定文档所需具有的条件或权能的文档说明</li>
<li>需求层次
<ul>
<li>邻域需求（业务需求）：应用邻域的要求</li>
<li>用户需求：表达高层的概要的需求</li>
<li>系统需求：描述系统应该提供的服务及其约束</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>秋千图</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="需求工程-re">需求工程 (RE)<a href="#需求工程-re" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><i class="iconfont icon-link"></i></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>目标：创建和维护系统的需求文档</li>
<li>需求开发
<ul>
<li>可行性研究：经济、技术、法律</li>
<li>需求获取/定义：访谈、会议、参观、实践
<ul>
<li>客户权利</li>
<li>客户义务</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求分析：从用户处获得需求、形成与用户需求相一致的、可供阅读的软件需求规格说明书的过程
<ul>
<li>结构化方法</li>
<li>面向对象模型</li>
<li>原型方法</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求调查</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求管理技术与工具
<ul>
<li>需求确认</li>
<li>需求验证（需求评审）</li>
<li>需求变更控制</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>文档
<ul>
<li>需求文档
<ul>
<li>BRD（Business Requirement Document）商业需求文档：内容主要涉及市场分析，销售策略，盈利预测等，通常面向的对象是公司负责人、投资人和股东</li>
<li>MRD: 这是立项后开发前产出的文档，目的是指出产品的市场定位和特色功能。通常面向的对象是公司领导，商务、运营、市场人员等</li>
<li>PRD（Product Requirement Document）产品需求文档</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求分析报告：面向用户
<ul>
<li>内容：功能与行为需求、非功能需求、设计约束（如硬件、软件、网络等环境）、开发周期等</li>
<li>IEEE/ANSI 830-1998</li>
<li>GB/T 8586-2008</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求规格说明书 SRS：面向设计开发人员</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="需求规格文档基于原型的">需求规格文档（基于原型的）<a href="#需求规格文档基于原型的" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><i class="iconfont icon-link"></i></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.woshipm.com/rp/898199.html">小红书 PRD</a></li>
<li><a href="http://hellokittycn.com/">PMP</a></li>
<li>产品需求文档作用
<ul>
<li>传达产品开发需求</li>
<li>保证各部门沟通有理有据</li>
<li>产品质量控制有具体标准</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>工具
<ul>
<li>Word + Axure</li>
<li>Axure8 + 标注</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>原型图避免涉及到颜色，只需要黑、白、灰、红</li>
<li>内容
<ul>
<li>产品简介（+商业需求文档）</li>
<li>版本说明</li>
<li>开发周期</li>
<li>历史版本</li>
<li>修订历史</li>
<li>思维导图：产品结构图、信息结构图、流程图等</li>
<li>全局说明：展示整个产品的设计规范</li>
<li>交互原型</li>
<li>用例文档</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>需求量化</li>
<li>需求复用</li>
</ul>

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						<h4 class="card-title pb-0">目录</h4>
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    <li><a href="#软件需求">软件需求</a></li>
    <li><a href="#需求工程-re">需求工程 (RE)</a></li>
    <li><a href="#需求规格文档基于原型的">需求规格文档（基于原型的）</a></li>
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